Humanoid Robots Take Center S 12/29 09:23

   

   MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. (AP) -- Robots have long been seen as a bad bet for 
Silicon Valley investors -- too complicated, capital-intensive and "boring, 
honestly," says venture capitalist Modar Alaoui.

   But the commercial boom in artificial intelligence has lit a spark under 
long-simmering visions to build humanoid robots that can move their mechanical 
bodies like humans and do things that people do.

   Alaoui, founder of the Humanoids Summit, gathered more than 2,000 people 
this week, including top robotics engineers from Disney, Google and dozens of 
startups, to showcase their technology and debate what it will take to 
accelerate a nascent industry.

   Alaoui says many researchers now believe humanoids or some other kind of 
physical embodiment of AI are "going to become the norm."

   "The question is really just how long it will take," he said.

   Disney's contribution to the field, a walking robotic version of "Frozen" 
character Olaf, will be roaming on its own through Disneyland theme parks in 
Hong Kong and Paris early next year. Entertaining and highly complex robots 
that resemble a human -- or a snowman -- are already here, but the timeline for 
"general purpose" robots that are a productive member of a workplace or 
household is farther away.

   Even at a conference designed to build enthusiasm for the technology, held 
at a Computer History Museum that's a temple to Silicon Valley's previous 
breakthroughs, skepticism remained high that truly humanlike robots will take 
root anytime soon.

   "The humanoid space has a very, very big hill to climb," said Cosima du 
Pasquier, co-founder of Haptica Robotics, which works to give robots a sense of 
touch. "There's a lot of research that still needs to be solved."

   The Stanford University postdoctoral researcher came to the conference in 
Mountain View, California, just a week after incorporating her startup.

   "The first customers are really the people here," she said.

   Researchers at the consultancy McKinsey & Company have counted about 50 
companies around the world that have raised at least $100 million to develop 
humanoids, led by about 20 in China and 15 in North America.

   China is leading in part due to government incentives for component 
production and robot adoption and a mandate last year "to have a humanoid 
ecosystem established by 2025," said McKinsey partner Ani Kelkar. Displays by 
Chinese firms dominated the expo section of this week's summit, held Thursday 
and Friday. The conference's most prevalent humanoids were those made by 
China's Unitree, in part because researchers in the U.S. buy the relatively 
cheap model to test their own software.

   In the U.S., the advent of generative AI chatbots like OpenAI's ChatGPT and 
Google's Gemini has jolted the decades-old robotics industry in different ways. 
Investor excitement has poured money into ambitious startups aiming to build 
hardware that will bring a physical presence to the latest AI.

   But it's not just crossover hype -- the same technical advances that made AI 
chatbots so good at language have played a role in teaching robots how to get 
better at performing tasks. Paired with computer vision, robots powered by 
"visual-language" models are trained to learn about their surroundings.

   One of the most prominent skeptics is robotics pioneer Rodney Brooks, a 
co-founder of Roomba vacuum maker iRobot who wrote in September that "today's 
humanoid robots will not learn how to be dexterous despite the hundreds of 
millions, or perhaps many billions of dollars, being donated by VCs and major 
tech companies to pay for their training." Brooks didn't attend but his essay 
was frequently mentioned.

   Also missing was anyone speaking for Tesla CEO Elon Musk's development of a 
humanoid called Optimus, a project that the billionaire is designing to be 
"extremely capable" and sold in high volumes. Musk said three years ago that 
people can probably buy an Optimus "within three to five years."

   The conference's organizer, Alaoui, founder and general partner of ALM 
Ventures, previously worked on driver attention systems for the automotive 
industry and sees parallels between humanoids and the early years of 
self-driving cars.

   Near the entrance to the summit venue, just blocks from Google's 
headquarters, is a museum exhibit showing Google's bubble-shaped 2014 prototype 
of a self-driving car. Eleven years later, robotaxis operated by Google 
affiliate Waymo are constantly plying the streets nearby.

   Some robots with human elements are already being tested in workplaces. 
Oregon-based Agility Robotics announced shortly before the conference that it 
is bringing its tote-carrying warehouse robot Digit to a Texas distribution 
facility run by Mercado Libre, the Latin American e-commerce giant. Much like 
the Olaf robot, it has inverted legs that are more birdlike than human.

   Industrial robots performing single tasks are already commonplace in car 
assembly and other manufacturing. They work with a level of speed and precision 
that's difficult for today's humanoids --- or humans themselves -- to match.

   The head of a robotics trade group founded in 1974 is now lobbying the U.S. 
government to develop a stronger national strategy to advance the development 
of homegrown robots, be they humanoids or otherwise.

   "We have a lot of strong technology, we have the AI expertise here in the 
U.S.," said Jeff Burnstein, president of the Association for Advancing 
Automation, after touring the expo. "So I think it remains to be seen who is 
the ultimate leader in this. But right now, China has certainly a lot more 
momentum on humanoids."